Beschreibung
". the best handbook on membrane technology, which is currently on the market. " -Membrane News (on the previous edition) Building on the success of the previous edition, Membrane Technology and Applications Third Edition provides a comprehensive overview of separation membranes, their manufacture and their applications. Beginning with a series of general chapters on membrane preparation, transport theory and concentration polarization, the book then surveys several major areas of membrane application in separate chapters. Written in a readily accessible style, each chapter covers its membrane subject thoroughly, from historical and theoretical backgrounds through to current and potential applications. Topics include reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, pervaporation, microfiltration, gas separation and coupled and facilitated transport; chapters on electrodialysis and medical applications round out the coverage. NEW TO THE THIRD EDITION * New sections on the use of membranes in the chlor-alkali industry, membrane distillation, pressure retarded osmosis and constant flux-variable pressure ultrafiltration * Zeolite and ceramic membranes, submerged membrane modules, and fuel cell membranes * Substantially enhanced chapters on ultrafiltration, pervaporation and membrane contactors * Updates to every chapter to reflect the developments in the field
Autorenportrait
InhaltsangabePreface xi Acknowledgments xiii 1. Overview of Membrane Science and Technology 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Historical Development of Membranes 1 1.3 Types of Membranes 4 1.3.1 Isotropic Membranes 4 1.3.2 Anisotropic Membranes 6 1.3.3 Ceramic, Metal, and Liquid Membranes 6 1.4 Membrane Processes 6 References 13 2. Membrane Transport Theory 15 2.1 Introduction 15 2.2 The Solution-Diffusion Model 18 2.2.1 Molecular Dynamics Simulations 18 2.2.2 Concentration and Pressure Gradients in Membranes 22 2.2.3 Application of the Solution-Diffusion Model to Specific Processes 27 2.2.4 A Unified View 50 2.3 Structure-Permeability Relationships in Solution-Diffusion Membranes 53 2.3.1 Diffusion Coefficients 55 2.3.2 Sorption Coefficients in Polymers 64 2.4 PoreFlow Membranes 72 2.4.1 Permeation in Ultrafiltration and Microfiltration Membranes 73 2.4.2 Knudsen Diffusion and Surface Diffusion in Microporous Membranes 79 2.4.3 Polymers with Intrinsic Microporosity (PIMs) 86 2.4.4 The Transition Region 89 2.5 Conclusions and Future Directions 90 References 92 3. Membranes and Modules 97 3.1 Introduction 97 3.2 Isotropic Membranes 98 3.2.1 Isotropic Nonporous Membranes 98 3.2.2 Isotropic Microporous Membranes 100 3.3 Anisotropic Membranes 102 3.3.1 Phase separation membranes 104 3.3.2 Interfacial Polymerization Membranes 121 3.3.3 Solution-Coated Composite Membranes 125 3.3.4 Other Anisotropic Membranes 128 3.3.5 Repairing Membrane Defects 132 3.4 Metal, Ceramic, Zeolite, Carbon, and Glass Membranes 134 3.4.1 Metal Membranes 134 3.4.2 Ceramic Membranes 135 3.4.3 Zeolite Membranes 139 3.4.4 MixedMatrix Membranes 141 3.4.5 Carbon Membranes 145 3.4.6 Microporous Glass Membranes 148 3.5 Liquid Membranes 148 3.6 Hollow Fiber Membranes 148 3.7 Membrane Modules 154 3.7.1 PlateandFrame Modules 155 3.7.2 Tubular Modules 157 3.7.3 SpiralWound Modules 158 3.7.4 Hollow Fiber Modules 162 3.7.5 Other Module Types 165 3.8 Module Selection 167 3.9 Conclusions and Future Directions 169 References 170 4. Concentration Polarization 179 4.1 Introduction 179 4.2 Boundary Layer Film Model 182 4.3 Determination of the Peclet Number 191 4.4 Concentration Polarization in Liquid Separation Processes 193 4.5 Concentration Polarization in Gas Separation Processes 196 4.6 CrossFlow, CoFlow, and CounterFlow 197 4.7 Conclusions and Future Directions 204 References 205 5. Reverse Osmosis 207 5.1 Introduction and History 207 5.2 Theoretical Background 208 5.3 Membranes and Materials 213 5.3.1 Cellulosic Membranes 213 5.3.2 Noncellulosic Polymer Membranes 216 5.3.3 Interfacial Composite Membranes 217 5.3.4 Other Membrane Materials 219 5.4 Reverse Osmosis Membrane Categories 220 5.4.1 Seawater and Brackish Water Desalination Membranes 221 5.4.2 Nanofiltration Membranes 222 5.4.3 Hyperfiltration Organic Solvent Separating Membranes 224 5.5 Membrane Selectivity 227 5.6 Membrane Modules 228 5.7 Membrane Fouling Control 231 5.7.1 Scale 231 5.7.2 Silt 233 5.7.3 Biofouling 233 5.7.4 Organic Fouling 235 5.7.5 Membrane Cleaning 236 5.8 Applications 237 5.8.1 Brackish Water Desalination 238 5.8.2 Seawater Desalination 240 5.8.3 Ultrapure Water 241 5.8.4 Wastewater Treatment 242 5.8.5 Nanofiltration 244 5.8.6 Organic Solvent Separation 245 5.9 Conclusions and Future Directions 246 References 247 6. Ultrafiltration 253 6.1 Introduction and History 253 6.2 Characterization of Ultrafiltration Membranes 254 6.3 Membrane Fouling 257 6.3.1 Constant Pressure/Constant Flux Operation 257 6.3.2 Concentration Polarization 261 6.3.3 Fouling Control 271 6.4 Membranes 274 6.5 Constant Pressure Modules, System Design, and Applications 274 6.5.1 CrossFlow Ultrafiltration Modules 275 6.5
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