Functional Kinetics

Susanne Klein-Vogelbach's acclaimed textbook describing her concept of functional kinetics! The wellknown physiotherapist presents her theory concerning the systematic observation and analysis of human movement. The purpose of functional kinetics is to improve observation, analysis and instruction of human movement. The physiotherapist must be able to analyse movement in order to find and define the functional problem. She or he must be able to effect the required change in movement, whether through manipulation, instructing the patient how to move or both. The ideas outlined in this book are basic to physical therapy and rehabilitation and should be familiar to every active therapist.

InhaltsangabeGeneral Introduction.- 1 Orientation of the Individual.- 1.1 Orientation Within the Body.- 1.2 Orientation in Space.- 1.3 Orientation Outwards from the Body.- 1.4 Orientation of the Individual and 'Patient Language'.- 1.5 Summary.- 2 Orientation of the Physiotherapist.- 2.1 Homunculus: The Man in a Cube.- 2.2 Planes - Lines - Points.- 2.2.1 Transverse Planes.- 2.2.2 Frontal Planes.- 2.2.3 Sagittal Planes.- 2.2.4 Body Diagonals and the Body's Functional Centrepoint.- 2.2.5 Vertex and Long Axis of the Body.- 2.2.6 Diameter of the Thorax.- 2.2.7 Summary.- 2.3 Proximal - Distal.- 2.4 Joints as Pivots, Switch Points and Levels of Movement.- 2.4.1 Degrees of Freedom and Components of Movement.- 2.4.2 Distance Points.- 2.4.3 Influence of Position on Interdependency of Movements at the Joints.- 2.4.4 Movement About Frontotransverse Axes.- 2.4.5 Movement About Sagittotransverse Axes.- 2.4.6 Movement About Frontosagittal Axes.- 2.5 Capsules and Ligaments of Joints as End-Stops of Movement.- 2.6 Muscles as Effectors of Posture and Movement.- 2.6.1 Isometric and Isotonic Muscle Activity.- 2.6.2 Motive and Compressive Components of Muscle Activity on Joints.- 2.6.3 Muscles as Agonists, Antagonists and Synergists.- 2.6.4 Passive and Active Muscle Insufficiency.- 3 Fundamental Observation Criteria.- 3.1 Functional Body Segments.- 3.2 Activity States.- 3.2.1 Economical Activity.- 3.2.2 Parking Function.- 3.2.3 Dynamic Stabilization.- 3.2.4 Potential Mobility.- 3.2.5 Support Area.- 3.2.6 Supporting Function.- 3.2.7 Pressure Activity.- 3.2.8 Supported Leaning.- 3.2.9 Free Play.- 3.2.10 Hanging Activity.- 3.2.11 Bridging Activity.- 3.2.12 Pushing-Off Activity.- 3.2.13 Practical Use of Activity Sates in Functional Analysis of Starting Positions and Movement Sequences.- 3.3 Analysis of Movement by Differentiating Between Equilibrium Reactions.- 3.3.1 Continuing Movement.- 3.3.2 Buttressing Continuing Movement and Changing the Support Area.- 3.3.3 Avoidance Mechanisms and Their Influence on the Patient's Contact with the Environment.- 3.3.4 Summary.- 3.4 Observer's Planes.- 3.4.1 Observer's Horizontal Plane.- 3.4.2 Observer's Parallel Plane.- 3.4.3 Observer's Bisecting Plane.- 4 Instruction.- 4.1 Functional Analysis in Therapist Language.- 4.1.1 Conception of the Exercise.- 4.1.2 Position and Activation in the Starting Position.- 4.1.3 Actio - Reactio of the Movement Sequence.- 4.1.4 Conditio - Limitatio of the Movement Sequence.- 4.2 Formula for Instructions in Patient Language.- 4.2.1 Instructions Appealing to the Patient's Perceptions.- 4.2.2 Verbal-Perceptual Instruction.- 4.2.3 Manipulative-Perceptual Instruction.- 4.3 Adapting an Exercise to the Patient's Constitution and Condition.- 4.3.1 Role of Lengths, Widths, Depths and Distribution of Weights in Adapting an Exercise.- 4.3.2 Common Causes of Error in Adapting an Exercise to the Patient's Condition.- 5 Functional Measuring.- 5.1 Points, Lines and Axes of BS Thorax.- 5.1.1 Movements of the Thoracic Spine in the Plane of Symmetry.- 5.1.2 Movements of the Thoracic Spine in the Frontal Plane.- 5.1.3 Movements of the Thoracic Spine in the Transverse Plane.- 5.1.4 Movements of the Thorax in Transverse Planes.- 5.1.5 Movements of the Ribs in Inspiration and Expiration.- 5.2 Points, Lines and Axes of BS Head.- 5.2.1 Movements of the Cervical Spine in the Plane of Symmetry.- 5.2.2 Movements of the Cervical Spine in the Frontal Plane.- 5.2.3 Movements of the Cervical Spine and the Atlanto-occipital and Atlanto-axial Joints in Transverse Planes.- 5.2.4 Movements of the Head in Transverse Planes.- 5.2.5 Movements at the Temporomandibular Joints.- 5.3 Points, Lines and Axes of BS Pelvis and BS Legs.- 5.3.1 Movements of the Lumbar Spine in the Plane of Symmetry.- 5.3.2 Movements of the Lumbar Spine in the Frontal Plane.- 5.3.3 Movements at the Hip Joints About the Frontotransverse Axis.- 5.3.4 Movements at the Hip Joints About the Sagittotransverse Axis.- 5.3.5 Movements at the Hip Joints About Frontos